Implikasi Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) Dependency terhadap Critical Thinking Mahasiswa: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v16i3.4325Keywords:
Generative artificial intelligence, Critical thinking, Mahasiswa, Kemampuan kognitifAbstract
Penggunaan Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) sudah terintegrasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mahasiswa sebagai sarana bantuan dalam pembelajaran seperti untuk memahami dan meringkas materi dengan cepat, tetapi integrasi ini juga dapat mendorong mahasiswa untuk terlalu bergantung pada respons GAI atau disebut sebagai GAI dependency. Ketergantungan pada GAI dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan dalam berpikir kritis atau critical thinking, tapi beberapa penelitian menjelaskan penggunaan GAI dapat meningkatkan critical thinking meskipun mahasiswa menyatakan kekhawatiran ketergantungan. Melalui protokol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), tinjauan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi artikel yang menjelaskan implikasi dari GAI dependency terhadap critical thinking mahasiswa di universitas. Artikel dikumpulkan dari beberapa database, yaitu ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, dan IEEE, serta dari beberapa publisher seperti Frontiers, Taylor & Francis, dan MDPI. Pengumpulan artikel memiliki total awal 60 artikel dan disaring menjadi 10 artikel akhir yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan artikel akhir, GAI dengan kemudahan akses jawaban berdampak cukup besar terhadap penurunan critical thinking mahasiswa yang ditandai dengan rendahnya active reasoning, deep learning, dan ketidakmampuan menilai kebenaran informasi. Tinjauan ini menemukan bahwa implikasi penggunaan GAI terhadap critical thinking mahasiswa dipengaruhi beberapa peran secara unik, seperti literasi informasi, efikasi diri, tingkat keilmuan, bidang keilmuan, dan bimbingan pedagogis.
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